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CHURCH APPLIED LAW 103 - POLITICAL SCIENCE

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Post  Admin Sat Apr 25, 2009 4:09 pm

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Post  RayMart Tue Apr 28, 2009 11:39 am

POLITICAL SCIENCE
Political Science
- is the systematic study of the state and government.
- It s the written instrument by which the fundamental powers of government are established, limited and defined, and by which these powers are distributed among the several departments.
How do we define Constitution?
- Any established arrangement or custom. The system of fundamental principles according to which a nation, state, corporation, or the like, is governed.
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Post  RayMart Tue Apr 28, 2009 11:40 am

1. Biak-na-Bato constitution
- The first Philippine Constitution that was enacted in 1897 (Spanish).
2. 1899 Malolos Constitution
- 2 years later, the President decreed the creation of the Malolos Constitution in Barasoain Church. This is the Constitution during our first Philippine Republic.
3. 1935 Philippine Constitution of the Philippine Commonwealth
- Due to the turbulent times of the early governments, the first 2 constitutions were not fully enforced. What was considered the first Philippine Constitution to be fully enforced was drafted by the virtue of the Tydings Mcduffie Law in 1934 during the 1935-1043.
Manuel L. Quezon – first president of the Commonwealth
4. 1943 Constitution under the Japanese Regime
- During world War II, a short leave constitution was sponsored by the Japanese invaders within their own program of Japanization or their vested interest.
5. 1943 Revised Constitution
- When the political independency granted by United States in 1946, the constitution was revised and was enforced from 1946-1973 which they called now 1943 Constitution.
6. 1973 Constitution under the Martial Law
- Eventually considered inadequate against the changing needs of the Filipino men, the 1935 Constitution was replaced by a new one notified in 1973 (Nov. 29).
7. 1987 Freedom Constitution
- When Fidel E. Ramos was arrested in 1986 via People’s Revolution , the new government led by Corazon Aquino promulgated what is now known as the New 1987 Freedom Constitution which restored the Presidential form of government from parliamentary.
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Post  RayMart Tue Apr 28, 2009 12:13 pm

The 24 Senators
1. Edgardo Angara
2. Joker P. Arroyo
3. Pia S. Cayetano
4. Franklin Drilon
5. Luisa “Lor” P. Ejercito Estrada
6. Jinggoy Ejercito Estrada
7. Rodolfo G. Biazon
8. Juan Ponce Enrile
9. Juan M. Flavier
10. Richard “Dick” Gordon
11. Panfilo Lacson
12. Manuel “Lito” Lapid
13. Alfredo S. Lim
14. Jamby A.S. Madrigal
15. Ramon M. Magsaysay Jr.
16. Sergio r. Osmeňa
17. Francisco N. Pangilinan
18. Aquilino Pimentel Jr.
19. Ralph G. Recto
20. Ramon “Bong” Revilla Jr.
21. Mar A Roxas
22. Mirriam Defensor Santiago
23. manuel B. VIllar Jr.

The Republic of the Philippines has a presidential form of government
It has three main branches
1. Executive
2. Legislative
3. Judiciary
Both the President and the Vice President consist the Executive branch. The President appoints the Cabinet to help him/her administer the function of the government
Office of the Executive Secretary
Office of the president Secretary and Presidential Spokesperson
1. DCA – Agriculture
2. DepEd – Education
3. DENR – Environment and Natural Resources
4. DOF – Finance
5. DBM – Budget and Management
6. DFA – Foreign Affairs
7. DOH – Health
8. DILG – Interior and Local Government
9. DCJ – Justice
10. DOE – Energy
11. DOLE – labor and Employment
12. DND – National Defense
13. DPWH – Public Works and Highways
14. DOST – Science and Technology
15. DSWD – Social Welfare and Development
16. DOT – Tourism
17. DOTC – Transportation and Communication
18. DTI – Trade and Industry
19. NEDA – National Economic and Development Authority
20. PMS – Presidential Management Staff
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Post  RayMart Tue Apr 28, 2009 12:20 pm

The Legislative branch has the primary responsibility for enacting laws. It is made up of the Upper House – Senate and the Lower House – Congress.
The Judiciary branch consists of the systems of courts, with the Supreme Court

Interrelationship with other Branches of Learning
1. History
The bond between the political scientist and the historian is obvious in the observation is the past politics. Politics is present history.
2. Economics
Until late in 19th century, political science and economics were coupled under the name of political economy. It is the study of production, distribution and consumption of wealth.
3. Geography
- Study of land territories, aerial and the marine.
Geopolitics
- Science concerned with the study of the influences of physical factors such as population pressures, sources of raw materials, geography etc.
4. Sociology and Anthropology
- study of society and its people
- study of mankind in relation to physical, social and cultural development
5. Psychology
The political scientist as well as the psychologists promotes studies of the mental and emotional processes motivating the political behavior of individual and groups.
6. Statistics and Logics
The political theorist must possess a broad scientific background of a knowledge of political problems and he must employ in gathering data and in drawing of conclusion.
7. Jurisprudence
The branch of public law is concerned with the analysis of existing legal systems and also with the ethical, historical, sociological and psychological foundations of law.

FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
1. As to number of persons exercising of sovereign powers
a. Monarchical – a form of government in which the supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single person without regard to the source of his election or the nature or duration of his tenure.
2 kinds:
1) Absolute Monarchy – one in which the ruler rules by the divine right.
2) Limited Monarchy – one in which the ruler rules in accordance with a constitution
b. Aristocracy (Oligarchy) – one in which the political power is exercised by a few privileged class which is known as aristocracy or oligarchy.
c. Democracy – one in which political power is exercised by a majority of people.
1) Direct/Pure Democracy – one in which the will of the state is formulated or expressed directly and immediately through the people in a mass meeting or primary assembly rather than through the medium of delegates chosen to act for them.
2) Indirect Representative/Republican Democracy – one in which the will of the state is formulated and the express through the agency of a relatively small and select body of persons chosen by the people to act as the representatives.
bounce
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Post  RayMart Tue Apr 28, 2009 12:20 pm

2. As to the extent of the power of the central
a. Unitary Government – one in which the central of national and local affairs is exercised by the central or national government.
b. Federal Government – one in which all powers of government are divided between 2 set of organs: national affairs and local affairs. Each being supreme within its own sphere.
3. Relationship between the Executive and legislative
a. Parliamentary – one in which the state confirms upon the legislature, the power to terminate the tenure of office of the real executive. Under this systems, the cabinet/ministry is immediately and legally responsible to the legislature and immediately and politically responsible to the electorate.
b. Presidential Government – one in which the state makes the executive constitutionary independent of the legislature as regards of his tenure and to a large extent and furnishes him with sufficient powers.

Nature, Purpose, power of Constitution
1. Serves as the supreme on the fundamental law
2. Establishes basic framework and underlying principle of the government. The constitution is also referred to as the organic and basic law being or relating to the law by virtue of which the government exists as such.

Kinds of Constitution
1. As to their origin and history
a. Conventional or Enacted – one in which is enacted by a constituent assembly granted by a monarch to his subjects like the Japan in 1889.
b. Cumulative or Evolved – one which is the product of growth or a long period of development originating in customs, traditions, judicial decisions, etc. rather than from a deliberate and formal enactment.
2. As to their form
a. Written – one in which has been given definite written form at a particular time usually by a specially constituted authority called a constitutional convention.
b. Unwritten – one in which is entirely the product of political evolution from customs and traditions, usages and judicial decisions together with a smaller body of statutory enactments of a fundamental character usually bearing different dates.
3. As to the manner of amending them
a. Rigid or Inelastic – one regarded as a document of special sanctity which can’t be amended or allured except by some special machinery more cumbrous than the ordinary legislative process of constitutional convention.
b. Flexible or Elastic – one which possess no higher legal authority than ordinary laws and which may ba allured in some way as other laws.
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